Be on the lookout for macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe vision loss in people over the age of 50. It is estimated that more than 2 million people have been diagnosed with macular degeneration nationwide. During the month of February, the American Optometric Association educates the public on facts about age-related macular degeneration, or AMD.

AMD occurs when there are changes to the macula, a small portion of the retina that is located on the inside back layer of the eye. The loss of central vision can occur in two forms: dry (atrophic) and wet (exudative). Most people with macular degeneration have the dry form.

While there is no specific treatment for dry AMD, studies have shown a potential benefit from vitamin supplements, a healthy diet and cessation of smoking.

Wet AMD is less common than dry AMD. In wet AMD, fluids from newly formed blood vessels leak under the macula and cause retinal changes with significant vision loss. This condition can sometimes be treated with laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, or injections. Early detection and prompt treatment is vital in limiting vision loss.

In its early stages, the following signs of macular degeneration can go unnoticed:

Gradual loss of ability to see objects clearly.

Shape of objects appear distorted.

Straight lines look wavy or crooked.

A dark or empty area in the center of vision.

If you experience any of the above signs or symptoms, contact your doctor of optometry immediately for a comprehensive eye examination. Your optometrist will perform a variety of tests to determine if you have macular degeneration or any other eye health problems.

AMD often has no early warning signs so preventtive care with annual dilated eye exams by an optometrist is critical to diagnosing and treating the disease in its early stages. It is recommended that people over the age of 50 have an annual eye exam.

Prevention

Stop smoking. Studies have shown that people who smoke are twice as likely to develop macular degeneration. The progression of the disease in a person who smokes is much faster as compared to a nonsmoker.

Eat a healthy diet. Studies have shown that people who eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables - especially leafy green vegetables like kale or spinach - are at a lower risk of developing AMD. These foods have specific nutrients (lutein and zeaxanthin) that protect the macula.

Exercise regularly. Exercising three times a week can reduce the risk of developing wet AMD by 70 percent. Studies also show that physical activity may lower the odds of both early and late stages of AMD.

Know your family's eye health history. If you have a close relative with AMD, you have a 50 percent greater chance of developing the condition. Before your next eye exam, speak with your family about their eye health history. You may need more frequent eye exams based on your family history.

"It's important for people to be proactive with their health - make good lifestyle choices now to help avoid problems later," said Dr. Ashley Hamblin of Northern Minnesota Eyecare in Cloquet.

This American Optometric Association informational press release was provided to the Pine Knot News by Northern Minnesota Eyecare of Cloquet and Moose Lake.